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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body like the kidneys, spine, and brain. Despite medical advances, TB remains a significant global health issue, particularly affecting populations in developing countries.
How It Spreads and Symptoms
TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, releasing bacteria-containing droplets. Close and prolonged contact with an infected individual increases the risk of transmission. It's important to note that not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes ill. There are two primary forms of TB: latent TB infection, where the bacteria are inactive and show no symptoms, and active TB disease, which presents symptoms such as a persistent cough (lasting more than three weeks), chest pain, coughing up blood, fatigue, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. If left untreated, TB can be life-threatening.
Prevention and Treatment
Preventing TB involves several strategies. Vaccination with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine provides some protection against severe forms of TB, particularly in children. Early detection and treatment of active TB cases are crucial to prevent the disease's spread. Individuals with latent TB infection may also receive medication to reduce the risk of developing active TB.
Treatment for active TB typically involves a course of antibiotics taken for six to nine months. Completing the entire course of treatment is essential, even if symptoms improve, to ensure all bacteria are eradicated and to prevent the development of drug-resistant TB strains.
Conclusion
TB remains a global health challenge that requires ongoing attention and effort to control effectively. By emphasizing prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment, we can mitigate the impact of tuberculosis and strive towards its eventual elimination. Public awareness and health education are vital in combating this persistent disease.
