How Does Diabetes Affect Vision Over Time?

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Fremont, CA: Individuals diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes face an elevated possibility of developing eye-related issues compared to those without the condition. Extended elevated blood sugar levels can harm the delicate blood vessels in the eyes, potentially resulting in a condition known as diabetic retinopathy. Additionally, high blood sugar may contribute to the development of cataracts and glaucoma. Therefore, it is essential to manage your diabetes effectively and to maintain regular annual eye examinations to safeguard your vision.

Diabetes and Eye Problems: Diabetes and Cataracts: Individuals with diabetes are likely to develop cataracts, often at an earlier age. Cataracts cloud the eye's lens, leading to blurred vision. For those experiencing mild cataracts, sunglasses and glare-reducing eyewear may provide relief. In cases of severe cataracts, surgical intervention is necessary to replace the opaque lens with an artificial one, enhancing visual clarity.

Diabetes and Glaucoma: Individuals with diabetes face a twofold increase in the risk of having glaucoma, a condition characterized by elevated pressure within the eye. This heightened pressure can damage the retina and the optic nerve, which are essential for vision. Initially, symptoms may not be apparent. Over time, some individuals may experience gradual vision loss or perceive bright halos or colored rings surrounding light sources. Treatment for glaucoma typically involves prescription eye drops aimed at reducing intraocular pressure. In certain instances, laser therapy or surgical intervention may be necessary.

Diabetic Retinopathy: At a particular stage, approximately one in three individuals diagnosed with diabetes experiences retinopathy, which refers to the damage inflicted on the blood vessels within the retina, the tissue located at the rear of the eye. The most prevalent form is non-proliferative retinopathy, which typically does not significantly risk one's vision.

Persistent high blood sugar levels over an extended period can lead to a more severe condition known as proliferative diabetic retinopathy. "proliferative" refers to the rapid growth of new blood vessels on the retina's surface. These newly formed vessels are delicate and prone to leaking blood or fluid, resulting in retinal scarring and potential long-term vision impairment.

Additionally, diabetic retinopathy can lead to macular edema, a condition indicated by fluid accumulation in the area of the retina essential for sharp central vision. This central vision is necessary for reading, driving, and discerning fine details, and its impairment can result in a blurred visual experience.

Early diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy can significantly slow down or even reverse certain types of vision impairment. Individuals with diabetes are advised to consult an eye care professional at least once annually. If the results of these yearly examinations are satisfactory, it may be permissible to schedule follow-up visits every two to three years.

Various treatment options are available for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. A physician may employ a specialized laser to target the retina, effectively reducing the size of the newly formed blood vessels. These delicate vessels are prone to rupture, which can lead to bleeding within the eye. This laser treatment is most effective before bleeding from these fragile vessels, potentially preserving vision for an extended period